2016 Review – A look at The African Election Timeline

The year 2016 had a series of election engagements at the presidential, legislative and local election levels. As part of our review of the ‘fading’ year, we take a quick look at all the polls that took place this year. This is the concluding part of this piece after the first review.

With special focus on the presidential race, we will look at them within the context of main players and how they ended, and if there were any special circumstances around the particular polls.

August

Zambia – Four pronged elections plus first-round victory for president

Zambia’s election was four pronged, presidential, legislative, local level and a referendum vote.

The presidential was between incumbent Edgar Lungu, leader of the ruling Patriotic Front (PF) party. He went into the August 11 presidential election with nine other contenders.

His main contender however was Hakainde Hichilema, leader of the main opposition United Party for National Development (UPND). At the end of the polls, Lungu was declared a first round winner with 50.35% of the vote.

Hichelima according to the Electoral Commission of Zambia (ECZ) got 47.6% of the votes. The incumbent president won with some 100,000 votes. The opposition protested the results and headed to court, the case was dismissed on a technicality and Lungu duly sworn in as president.

Gabon – Bongo’s gong and Ping’s refusal to accept the poll ‘sting’

Gabon went to the polls to elect a new president. The lead up to the vote was loaded with tension as the opposition tried to use the courts to disqualify the incumbent, Ali Bongo Ondimba. The nationality challenge however failed.

There were 14 contenders but the front runners were Bongo and Jean Ping – a former African Union Commission chairperson.

Bongo was declared winner after which violence broke put resulting in deaths and the burning of the national assembly and attacks on the oposition headquarters. Ping filed a challenge at the Consitutional court but the court affirmed Bongo’s victory.

Ping till date continues challenge the legitimacy of Bongo, he recently filed a case against the government with the International Criminal Court (ICC) relative to post election violence.

South Africa – Mandela’s party records worst showing in local elections

South Africa’s local polls were held in August, even though the ruling Africa National Congress (ANC) maintained their dominance, the opposition parties – Democratic Alliance (DA) and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) recorded significant gains.

The ANC conceded that they needed to have an intorspection into the results which were their worse showing in the local polls. ANC got 54%, DA ended with 27% and EFF got 8% of votes.

The 2016 poll according to the electoral body was the most competitive local elections since 1994. The IEC CEO Moepya said 96% of voters believed election to be free and fair. 96% general satisfaction with staff conduct during the polls.

SUGGESTED READING Africanews Extensive coverage of South Africa’s local polls

Sao Tome and Principe – Opposition wins presidency

Sao Tome and Principe held presidential presidential elections on 17 July 2016. Due to the inability to get a clear winner, a second round was called for August 7.

The opposition defeated the incumbent in the country’s presidential polls second round held in August. Evaristo Carvalho, the ruling party’s candidate and one time prime minister won the first round.

He polled 50.1% of the votes against the incumbent President Manuel Pinto da Costa. The small African archipelago of barely 200,000 inhabitants has suffered harsh economic conditions with 90% dependency on international aid.

September

Cape Verde also held local elections in September as did Seychelles who also held legislative polls between 8 – 10 of the same month.

Somalia also held elections for the Upper House of its legislature. That of the Lower House has also been held. The representatives in both houses will elect a president.

As universal elections are not yet possible in Somalia, 14,025 clan representatives who form part of an Electoral College elected the 275 members of the Lower House of parliament while regional parliaments elected the 54 members of the Upper House.

The 329 members will decide, through a secret vote, who the next president of Somalia. The presidential elections was postponed form November 30. It is billed to be the final election of the year 2016, it is slated for 28 December. The incumbent is up against about 17 other contenders.

October

Cape Verde incumbent wins presidential polls

Main Contenders were: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca, candidate of the Movement for Democracy party, he came up against Albertino Graca and Joquim Monteiro.

Winner: President Fonseca obtained obraine over 70% of the votes whiles the two other competitors had 23 and 3 percent of the votes respectively. He is the fourth president of Cape Verde. He was first elected in 2011 with about 54 percent of the votes.

Morocco

The parliamentary elections held on October 7 saw Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane’s Islamist Justice and Development Party (PJD) take 125 seats out of 395.

Its main rival, the Authenticity and Modernity Party, which had campaigned against the “Islamisation” of Moroccan society, won 102 seats. The legislative elections held in Morocco were described as just and transparent, according to Rights Groups in Morocco.

Ivory Coast votes “YES” for new referendum

Results of the October 30 referendum showed that over 93 percent of the voters had backed the new charter, that President Alassane Ouattara says will ensure peace in the wake of years of political turmoil.

Opposition parties called for a boycott of the polls, saying the new decree was designed in a way that will allow Ouattara to line up his choice of a successor and solidify his coalition. Turnout was 42.41 percent of registered voters.

November

Mali local elections

Mali’s local elections held on November 20, 2016 were marred with protests and boycotts in the northern and central parts of the country. They were meant to fill posts left vacant in the north but only saw the burning of ballot boxes and the kidnapping of one candidate.

The municipal elections have been delayed four times. The polls were the very first since the 2013 presidential elections were held. The ruling party and opposition parties recorded successes and losses evenly.

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) – Polls postponed amid violence

The DRC was supposed to go to the polls to elect a new president. Given the signs that Kabila will not necessarily leave office, the opposition embarked on protests that were clamped down by the security agencies.

As at December 20 when Kabila was supposed to leave, an agreement is being reported, which suggests that Kabila will stay on till end of next year instead of the earlier time line that said elections could be held reasonably by April 2018.

December

Gambia – Jammeh’s loss and U-turn, Gambia on the precipice?

Gambia’s presidential elections were held on December 1, President Yahya Jammeh was expected to win the polls as he stood for his fifth term since coming to power in 1994. Jammeh came up against two other contenders, Adama Barrox – candidate for an opposition coalition and a third candidate, Mamah Kandeh who was once a member of Jammeh’s party.

24 hours after the votes, there were reports that Jammeh had lost in the capital Banjul and that he had agreed to concede defeat to Adama Barrow. He was later shown congratulating Barrow in a telephone call.

A week later, Jammeh announced the annulment of the results citing irregularities and intimidation of his supporters in parts of the country. He has stated clearly that he is not going to leave power lest a new poll is run.

Despite international condemnation by international groups including the ECOWAS, UN, AU and EU Jammeh maintains that he will not hand over come January 17. Meanwhile the chief justice has slated January 10 as the day for first hearing of a poll petition filed by Jammeh’s party.

Ghana

Ghana on December 7 went to the polls to elect a president and members of parliament (MPs). It was the 7th election under the 4th republican constitution.

Nana Akufo-Addo, leader of the main opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) got 5,716,026 votes representing 53.85% of votes. Whiles the ruling National Democratic Congress under incumbent John Dramani Mahama managed 4,713,277 votes representing 44.40% of valid votes cast.

The Electoral Commission (EC) Akufo-Addo as President-elect. The EC’s decision followed the verification that Mahama had called to concede defeat in the polls. The NPP also got an outright majority in the parliament with over 170 seats in the 275 seater house.

Ivory Coast legislative

Ivory Coast’s ruling coalition party won an absolute majority of 167 parliamentary seats out of 254 in the country’s legislative elections.

“The results of the elections are as follows: RHDP (ruling coalition) won 167 seats, Independents won 75, UDPCI won 6, UPCI won 3 and the FPI (former party of Laurent Gbagbo) won 3 seats,” the president of the IEC, Issouf Bakayoko declared.

The RHDP secured 67.75% of the seats ahead of the Independents who won 29.53% of seats. The voter turnout, according to the IEC, was 34.10% making it one of poorly participated elections in the country. The new parliamentarians are made up of 225 men and 29 women.

Somalia

December 28 is the date slated for the presidential elections in Somalia after being postponed thrice.

Somalia’s political leaders agreed on the date with the expectation that a new parliament will elect a speaker on December 22, before the parliament members elect a president.